← Elements
Risk / edge

Dark-pattern urgency

Manufactured scarcity or countdown designed to override deliberation.

How to spot it

Countdown timers that reset, "only 2 left" that's always true, fake "purchased 3 min ago" feeds.

Used well

There's no good version of this. Use real scarcity, or skip it.

Used badly

Anytime. Regulators and customers are catching up — and it teaches your brand to lie.